You are at an incident where a casualty is unconscious. Their breathing should be checked. This should be done for at least

At an incident, what should you do with a casualty who has stopped breathing?

Follow the DR ABC code

The DR ABC code has been devised by medical experts to give the best outcome until the emergency services arrive and take care of casualties.

While driving, a warning light on your vehicle’s instrument panel comes on. You should

check out the problem quickly and safely

Make sure you know what the different warning lights mean. An illuminated warning light could mean that your car is unsafe to drive. Don’t take risks. If you aren’t sure about the problem get a qualified mechanic to check it.

You break down on a level crossing. The lights have not yet begun to flash. What's the first thing should you do?

Leave your vehicle and get everyone clear

If your vehicle breaks down on a level crossing, your first priority is to get everyone out of the vehicle and clear of the crossing. Then use the railway telephone, if there is one, to tell the signal operator. If you have time before the train arrives, move the vehicle clear of the crossing, but only do this if alarm signals are not on.

A person has been injured. They may be suffering from shock. What are the warning signs to look for?

Pale grey skin

The effects of shock may not be immediately obvious. Warning signs are rapid pulse, sweating, pale grey skin and rapid shallow breathing.

At an incident it is important to look after any casualties. When the area is safe, you should

keep them in the vehicle

When the area is safe and there’s no danger from other traffic or fire it’s better not to move casualties. Moving them may cause further injury.

You arrive at an incident. A pedestrian is bleeding heavily from a leg wound. The leg isn't broken and there's nothing in the wound. How could you help?

Apply firm pressure over the wound

If there’s nothing in the wound, applying firm pressure using a pad of clean cloth or bandage will help stem the bleeding. Don’t tie anything tightly round the leg, as this will restrict circulation and could result in long-term injury.

You are on the motorway. Luggage falls from your vehicle. What should you do?

Stop at the next emergency telephone and contact the police

If any object falls onto the motorway carriageway from your vehicle pull over onto the hard shoulder near an emergency telephone and phone for assistance. You will be connected to the police or a Highways Agency control centre. Don’t stop on the carriageway or attempt to retrieve anything.

When driving through a tunnel you should

Look out for variable message signs

A minor incident in a tunnel can quickly turn into a major disaster. Variable message signs are provided to warn of any incidents or congestion. Follow their advice.

You've stopped at an incident to give help. What should you do?

Keep injured people warm and comfortable

There are a number of things you can do to help, even without expert training. Be aware of further danger from other traffic and fire; make sure the area is safe. People may be in shock. Don’t give them anything to eat or drink. Keep them warm and comfortable and reassure them. Don’t move injured people unless there is a risk of further danger.

You're involved in a collision. Afterwards, which document may the police ask you to produce?

Driving licence

You MUST stop if you've been involved in a collision which results in injury or damage. The police may ask to see your driving licence and insurance details at the time or later at a police station.

You have to treat someone for shock at the scene of an incident. You should

reassure them constantly

Stay with the casualty and talk to them quietly and firmly to calm and reassure them. Avoid moving them unnecessarily in case they are injured. Keep them warm, but don’t give them anything to eat or drink.

At the scene of a traffic incident you should

not put yourself at risk

It’s important that people at the scene of a collision do not create further risk to themselves or others. If the incident is on a motorway or major road, traffic will be approaching at speed. Do not put yourself at risk when trying to help casualties or warning other road users.

You are driving through a tunnel. There has been a collision and the car in front is on fire and blocking the road. What should you do?

Switch on hazard warning lights

If the vehicle in front is on fire, you should pull over to the side and stop. Switch on your warning lights and switch off your engine. If you can locate a fire extinguisher use it to put out the fire, taking great care. Do NOT open the bonnet. Always call for help from the nearest emergency point and if possible give first aid to anyone who is injured.

An injured person has been placed in the recovery position. They are unconscious but breathing normally. What else should be done?

Check their airway remains open

After a casualty has been placed in the recovery position, make sure their airway remains open and monitor their condition until medical help arrives. Where possible, don't move a casualty unless there’s further danger.

At an incident a casualty is unconscious. What should you check urgently?

Airway

Remember DR ABC (Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing, Compressions). An unconscious casualty may have difficulty breathing. Check that their airway is clear by tilting the head back gently. Unblock the airway if necessary, then make sure the casualty is breathing. Compressions may need to be given to maintain circulation.